środa, 25 lipca 2012
An online picture gallery of Old Zielona Gora (Grunberg)
An online picture gallery of Old Zielona Gora (Grunberg). Zielona Góra in pictures
Old images of Zielona Gora, Poland / Grunberg, Polen / Zielona Góra, Polska
Digital scans of old picture postcards of the city of Zielona Gora, Poland. Pictures of old Zielona Gora (Grunberg). This page currently contains forty images. More pictures are scanned and added to this online picture archive on a regular basis. Use the arrow buttons under each image to see the next photograph of old Zielona Gora (Gruenberg), Poland, in our online historic picture gallery.
Further information and photographs of the city and province of Lubuskie as they look today can be found here: Zielona Gora.
Old images of Zielona Gora, Poland / Grunberg, Polen / Zielona Góra, Polska
Western Poland in old photographies
 | Polish GazetteerThe Villages, Towns and Cities of PolandSee also Poland Poland pages about Poland's Largest Cities and explore Poland's history via our unique and extensive online archive of old pictures of Poland.Here are links to information and photographs on some of the villages, towns, and cities in Poland featured on our site. They are listed in alphabetical order, and are located throughout Poland. This is only a small sample of the total records for locations in present day Poland we have on our site. To find and view pages for smaller villages and towns use the search facility below; or follow the related links at the bottom of each page. If you can't find the village or town you are interested in, please contact us. We'll visit it and photograph it the next time we are in that part of Poland. More extensive list of former German names for Polish towns and cities A selection of the locations in Poland included in our site together with the original German name.
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Lubusz Land - from Wikipedia
Lubusz Land
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Originally the settlement area of the West Slavic Leubuzzi, a Veleti tribe, the swampy area was located east of Mark Brandenburg and west of Greater Poland, south of Pomerania and north of Silesia. Presently its eastern part lies within the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship, the western part with its historical capital Lebus in the German state of Brandenburg.
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History
Kingdom of Poland
Silesian Duchy of Lubusz under Mieszko 1241-1242
The Lubusz Land remained under Polish overlordship even after King Mieszko II Lambert in 1031 finally had to withdraw from the adjacent, just conquered March of Lusatia and accept the overlordship of Emperor Conrad II. In 1125 Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth of Poland established the Bishopric of Lebus to secure Lubusz Land. 1124-1125 records note that the new Bishop of Lebus was nominated by Duke Bolesław under the Archbishopric of Gniezno. However, from the beginning Gniezno's role as metropolia of the Lebus diocese was challenged by the claims of the mighty Archbishops of Magdeburg, who also tried to make Lebus their suffragan. The Polish position was decisively enfeebled by the process of fragmentation after the death of Duke Bolesław III in 1138. After the Duchy of Silesia was restored to the descendants of Władysław II the Exile in 1163, Lubusz Land together with the Duchy of Wrocław was given to his eldest son Bolesław I the Tall.
Lubusz remained under the rule of the Silesian Piasts, though Bolesław's son Duke Henry I the Bearded in 1206 signed an agreement with Duke Władysław III Spindleshanks of Greater Poland to swap it for the Kalisz Region. This agreement however did not last as it provoked the revolt of Władysław's nephew Władysław Odonic, while in addition the Lusatian margrave Conrad II of Landsberg took this occasion to invade Lubusz. Duke Henry I appealed to Emperor Otto IV and already started an armed expedition, until he was once again able to secure his possession of the region after Margrave Conrad had died in 1210. Nevertheless the resistance against the Imperial expansion waned as the Silesian territories were again fragmented after the death of Duke Henry II the Pious of Wrocław at the Battle of Legnica in 1241. His younger son Mieszko then held the title of a "Duke of Lubusz", but died only one year later, after which his territory fell to his elder brother Bolesław II the Bald. In 1248 Bolesław II, then Duke of Legnica, finally sold Lubusz to Magdeburg's Archbishop Wilbrand von Käfernburg and the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg in 1248, wielding the secular reign.
Margraviate of Brandenburg
The Lebus bishops tried to maintain their affiliation with Poland and in 1276 therefore moved their residence east of the Oder river to Górzyca (Göritz upon Oder), an episcopal fief. When in 1320 the Brandenburg House of Ascania became extinct, King Władysław I the Elbow-high took the chance, allied with Bishop Stephan II and campaigned the New March. In return the head of secular government in Lubusz, governor Erich of Wulkow, loyal to the new Brandenburg margrave Louis I of Wittelsbach, raided and captured the episcopal possessions in 1325, burning down the Górzyca cathedral. Bishop Stephan fled to Poland.
In 1354 Bishop Henry Bentsch reconciled with Margrave Louis II and the episcopal possessions were returned. The see of the bishopric returned to Lebus, where a new cathedral was built. In 1373 the diocese was again devastated by a Bohemian army, when Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg took the Brandenburg margraviate from the House of Wittelsbach. The see of the bishopric now moved to Fürstenwalde.
In 1424 the Lebus bishopric became a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg, finally leaving the Polish Gniezno ecclesiastical province. In 1518 Bishop Dietrich von Bülow bought the secular lordship of Beeskow-Storkow, in secular respect a Bohemian fief, in religious respect mostly no part of his diocese but of the Diocese of Meissen.[2] The castle in Beeskow became the episcopal residence. The last Catholic bishop was Georg von Blumenthal, who died in 1550 after a heroic non-military counter-reformatory campaign. However, when in 1547 Bishop Georg tried to recruit and arm troops in order to join the Catholic Imperial forces in the Smalkaldic War, his vassal city of Beeskow refused to obey.
From 1555 the bishopric was secularised and became a Lutheran diocese and the area east of the Oder was later called Eastern Brandenburg. In 1575 King Ferdinand I of Bohemia ceded the Beeskow lordship of the Lebus diocese to Brandenburg.[3] When in 1598 the Magdeburg administrator Joachim Frederick of Hohenzollern became Elector of Brandenburg, all official links with Poland had long been cut.
But new links to Poland developed, because since 1618 the prince-electors of Brandenburg ruled Prussia, then a Polish fief, in personal union. In 1657 Prussia regained its sovereignty, so in 1701 the electors could upgrade their simultaneously held Prussian dukedom to Kingdom of Prussia, dropping the title of elector of the Holy Roman Empire at its dissolution in 1806. In 1815 the kingdom joint the German Confederation, in 1866 the North German Confederation, which enlarged in 1871 to united Germany.
By the 17th century most of the population, consisting of autochthon Polabians and German settlers had mingled and assimilated to German language. By later eastward extensions of Brandenburg on the expense of Polish territory also a new Polish-speaking minority was incorporated. The most numerous Polish minority was in the village of Kaława (Kalau), although the great majority (90+%) of the population spoke German.
In Poland and Germany
Most of the Lubusz Land was transferred to Poland by the 1945 Potsdam Conference, while Germany retained areas west of the Oder-Neisse line including the historical capital Lebus as well as the towns of Fürstenwalde and Frankfurt. Polish and Soviet authorities expelled most of the population from the Polish annexed part of Lubusz Land. Refugees, who had fled before the Soviet forces were prevented from returning to their homes.The area was then resettled with Poles expelled from Soviet-annexed eastern Poland and migrants from central Poland. The largest city of the Polish Lubusz Voivodeship today is Gorzów Wielkopolski (Landsberg an der Warthe), which however was not part of the historical Lubusz Land (cf. map above).
See also
External links
Footnotes
- ^ G. Labuda, Mieszko I, cap. III.2.; S. Szczur, Historia Polski średniowiecze, p. 26
- ^ Dirk Schumann, Beeskow (12001), Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger and Christine Herzog (collab.) for the Freundeskreis Schlösser und Gärten der Mark (ed.), slightly altered ed., Berlin: Deutsche Gesellschaft, 22006, (Schlösser und Gärten der Mark; part: Beeskow), p. 4. No ISBN
- ^ Dirk Schumann, Beeskow (12001), Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger and Christine Herzog (collab.) for the Freundeskreis Schlösser und Gärten der Mark (ed.), slightly altered ed., Berlin: Deutsche Gesellschaft, 22006, (Schlösser und Gärten der Mark; part: Beeskow), p. 7. No ISBN
Tourist attractions of the Lebus Land
Lubuskie.pl - tourist attractions
Lubuskie province - „The green area of Poland” - covers the territory over Nysa Łużycka, Obra, lower Warta and middle Odra rivers; its western part borders the German lands: Brandenburg and Saxony and on the Polish side it borders the following provinces: Western Pomerania, Lower Silesia and Greater Poland.
Lubuskie, very picturesque, thick wooded areas, with many rivers and lakes offers many attractions both at weekend as well as for a longer stay. Regardless of the season of the year our Guests, especially active tourism lovers find something interesting for themselves.
NATURE
Lubuskie province is one out of five regions of Poland of the lowest environment pollution. It has over 500 water ponds, and plants and the surface features amaze us by their diversity.
In order to protect the area that almost half is covered by forest- the first position in terms of forest in Poland-many reserves, landscape parks and nature-landscape complexes were created.Very unique attraction in Europe scale is the fauna reserve “Nietoperek” in the underground of the Międzyrzecz Fortification Region, where every year over 30 thousand of bats spent winter; and water birds reserve in the National Park “Mouth of the Warta River”. The nature lovers will be attracted by the landscapes of Sława and Łagów Lake districts and many picturesque tourist routes leading through the areas of landscape parks.
HISTORY
Lubuskie Land was very lucky during the chaos of wars and history because now it is possible to admire there numerous beautiful historical monuments; first of all defence and sacral architecture: castles, churches, convents, old fortifications and lapidaries. Many palaces and manor houses are hidden in small towns or villages.
The Mużakowski park located on the area of Lubuskie province was entered into the UNESCO list of World heritage.
The pearl of Lubuskie is Międzyrzecz Fortification Region – one of the biggest and the most interesting fortification system in Europe available to visit.
A great example of sacral architecture is former monastery of Cistercian in Gościkowo-Paradyż- architectonical beauty in Poland.
Anybody interested in the turbulent history of Lubuski land can visit many local museums.
CULTURE
Lubuskie means not only nature, forests or unique monuments. Lubuskie offers many cultural events, concerts and regular shows organised all year round in different locations of the region. Many of them have international character and invite visitors from abroad creating the image of the region.
In free time it is possible to attend sports and recreation centres, including also the biggest in Gorzów Wielkopolski and Zielona Góra.
The biggest and most recognised events are: Woodstock Festival in Kostrzyn, Days of Zielona Góra - Wine Festival, Fortifications Enthusiasts Rally and Nenuphar’s Night in Lubrza, Lubuskie Film Summer in Łagów, and furthermore Gorzów and Zielona Góra music festivals. A great attraction, especially for children is visiting Zoo-Safari in Świerkocin and the nearby Dinosaurs Park in Nowiny Wielkie.
ACTIVE RECREATION
WATER SPORTS
Lubuskie is well known from forests and lakes. The advantages of this area are appreciated by lovers of water sports. The Odra river, Warta, Noteć and Bóbr flow across this region offering many sailing and canoe tourist routes. Furthermore there are many well operating sailing centres.
RIDING
Horse riding amateurs may choose out of several horse-riding centers, providing great variety of services. Some of them are active at the agro-tourist farms, others at guesthouses, hotels and inns located among forests and lakes.
TOURIST ROUTES
Walking lovers many choose among several well marked tourist routes of total length of almost 1500 km. These are both nature and city routes of different level of difficulty leading through the most attractive places of the region.
CYCLING
Lubuskie province is a perfect place for bicycle riders. Many bicycle routes across enchanting areas invite both competitive and regular ride amateurs. Bicycle riders can enjoy many forest camping places, agro-tourist farms, guesthouses and bivouac sites.
AIR TOURISM
The capital city of air tourism in Lubuskie is Przylep near Zielona Góra. The fly club renders fly, training, hotel and catering services. Anybody interested may admire the beauty of Lubuskie Land from the air, join the course or try a tourist fly by the airplane or glider.
Anybody with adventurous spirit can try car rallies organised on the biggest in Poland military training areas. Those rallies are both for professional drivers and amateurs.
HUNTING
Lubuskie is a perfect place for hunters. The abundance of game attracts Polish and foreign hunters. It is possible to hunt deer, fallow deer, roe-deer, wild boars or variety of birds. Very often results of hunting are “medal winning” wild boars and deer.
Clear water of the local lakes invites anglers. The abundance of fish species attracts the amateurs of this sport all year round. It is likely to catch among others: European white-fish, trout, white amur, tench, pike, crucian carp, eel and many others.
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